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幾種工業氣體的用途

　　1、氧氣

　　氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種開發(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)早的工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，現(xian)已廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于國民經(jing)濟和(he)社會發(fa)展的各個領域。其(qi)主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于金(jin)屬(shu)焊接、切割(ge)和(he)各種燃燒裝(zhuang)置的助(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)以(yi)及(ji)某些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)的氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)等。冶金(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)包(bao)括鋼鐵冶煉、有色金(jin)屬(shu)冶煉過程(cheng)都大(da)(da)量使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)明顯作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)冶煉過程(cheng)，達到增(zeng)產節(jie)能(neng)(neng)。機械(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行金(jin)屬(shu)焊接、切割(ge)能(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效。化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)行業(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)造(zao)醫(yi)藥(yao)、染料(liao)、炸藥(yao)等化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產品(pin)，此外(wai)還(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產，如用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吹氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)法(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產黃磷、噴氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劣(lie)煤等。電子工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，除用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)助(zhu)(zhu)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)外(wai)，還(huan)是(shi)制(zhi)造(zao)半導(dao)體(ti)集(ji)成電路(lu)的氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，是(shi)該行業(ye)(ye)不可缺少(shao)的高(gao)純氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)之一(yi)；高(gao)純氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)還(huan)是(shi)制(zhi)造(zao)光導(dao)纖維的重要(yao)(yao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)原料(liao)。氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在國防(fang)上用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途很廣，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量大(da)(da)的是(shi)火箭。此外(wai)，可以(yi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)作(zuo)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑進行磁流體(ti)發(fa)電；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)(hua)污水，利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在采礦業(ye)(ye)中進行深井作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進行深海打撈，潛(qian)水作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)搶救窒息病人，臨危(wei)病人；利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保健，如高(gao)原登山運(yun)動員(yuan)、地質人員(yuan)、邊疆巡邏戰士等特殊(shu)人群使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)一(yi)般(ban)人員(yuan)泡(pao)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)吧等。

　　2、氮氣

　　氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)惰性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，在(zai)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)占含量(liang)大，約為(wei)78%。隨著科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)國(guo)民經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各行各業正日益廣(guang)泛(fan)地(di)應(ying)(ying)用。氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)用作(zuo)(zuo)保護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)、吹掃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)、載氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、干燥氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)等(deng)。在(zai)金屬熱處理工藝過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)保護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)金屬材(cai)料、零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)、光潔度等(deng)。在(zai)電子(zi)(zi)工業中(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)半導體(ti)(ti)集成電路生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝不可缺少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、載氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。在(zai)石(shi)化行業中(zhong)(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)保護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、載氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)確(que)保石(shi)化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)順利、安全(quan)運行，氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也是(shi)(shi)合成氨生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)原(yuan)料氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。在(zai)建材(cai)工業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮法(fa)玻(bo)璃(li)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)，氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)錫槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)保護(hu)(hu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，以實現浮法(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝和提(ti)高(gao)玻(bo)璃(li)質量(liang)。在(zai)能(neng)源(yuan)工業中(zhong)(zhong)，應(ying)(ying)用氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)強化開采、煤礦滅火。食(shi)品工業應(ying)(ying)用氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)食(shi)品包裝內(nei)充填氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，果蔬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充氮(dan)(dan)干制、保鮮(xian)儲(chu)存(cun)，果汁、生(sheng)(sheng)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充氮(dan)(dan)排氧(yang)等(deng)。液氮(dan)(dan)用作(zuo)(zuo)冷(leng)凍劑(ji)，作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)低溫源(yuan)用于(yu)事業。氮(dan)(dan)還可用于(yu)火箭、空間模(mo)擬、原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)反應(ying)(ying)堆、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)激光器等(deng)高(gao)科技(ji)領域。

　　3、氬氣

　　氬氣(qi)是一(yi)種(zhong)稀有、惰性(xing)氣(qi)體(ti)，具(ju)有高密度(du)和低導熱性(xing)。廣泛用(yong)作金屬(shu)焊(han)接、冶(ye)煉、加工等保(bao)護氣(qi)，用(yong)于燈泡和各種(zhong)放電器(qi)內充填氣(qi)，氣(qi)相(xiang)色譜分析(xi)用(yong)載氣(qi)，還用(yong)于激光器(qi)和手術用(yong)止血噴(pen)槍等。氬氣(qi)可與多種(zhong)氣(qi)體(ti)混(hun)配(pei)，制成用(yong)途(tu)更廣泛的特種(zhong)氣(qi)體(ti)。

　　4、二氧化碳

　　二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途很廣(guang)，其用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量僅次于(yu)(yu)(yu)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)。二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)可(ke)(ke)制(zhi)作(zuo)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)酸飲料。作(zuo)為(wei)滅(mie)火(huo)(huo)劑(ji)，二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)廣(guang)泛(fan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電器(qi)設(she)備、精密儀器(qi)、貴重生產設(she)備和(he)(he)圖書檔案的初期火(huo)(huo)災撲滅(mie)。二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)氣(qi)體保護焊(han)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)廣(guang)泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)多種(zhong)材(cai)料的焊(han)接。二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有機(ji)化(hua)(hua)學合(he)成，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)多種(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)產品(pin)，如(ru)尿(niao)素、水楊酸等。二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)致(zhi)冷劑(ji)，可(ke)(ke)冷凍食品(pin)。以(yi)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)為(wei)介(jie)質可(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)行低溫熱(re)源發電。以(yi)二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)為(wei)溶(rong)劑(ji)可(ke)(ke)進(jin)(jin)行超臨(lin)界(jie)萃取(qu)，作(zuo)為(wei)一種(zhong)先進(jin)(jin)操(cao)作(zuo)技術用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)離多種(zhong)產品(pin)和(he)(he)取(qu)代(dai)傳統(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝操(cao)作(zuo)。固體二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(干冰)在(zai)上用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)冷凍皮(pi)膚病，并可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來(lai)進(jin)(jin)行人工(gong)(gong)降雨。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液體二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)干洗衣物，可(ke)(ke)代(dai)替有毒干洗劑(ji)。高(gao)純二(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電子工(gong)(gong)業，研究及臨(lin)床診斷(duan)，檢測儀器(qi)的校正(zheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣(qi)及配制(zhi)其他特(te)種(zhong)混合(he)氣(qi)體等。

　　5、氨氣

　　合成氨(an)的(de)(de)工(gong)業化(hua)生產(chan)，為各種氮肥的(de)(de)制造提(ti)供了充(chong)足的(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)。氨(an)還用于(yu)各種胺基、酰基類(lei)化(hua)合物的(de)(de)生產(chan)，制作炸藥也要(yao)耗用大量的(de)(de)氨(an)。氨(an)是一種適用于(yu)大、中型制冷(leng)機的(de)(de)中溫(wen)制冷(leng)工(gong)質，是應用早廣泛的(de)(de)冷(leng)媒。氨(an)也是冶(ye)金、醫(yi)藥等工(gong)業原(yuan)料(liao)。

　　6、氯氣

　　氯(lv)氣(qi)能(neng)殺菌，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)質(zhi)。還(huan)(huan)被(bei)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)處理某些(xie)工業廢(fei)水(shui)，如(ru)對硫化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)、氰化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物等(deng)進(jin)行氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，消除其毒(du)性(xing)。氯(lv)氣(qi)可(ke)生(sheng)產(chan)多(duo)種多(duo)樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工產(chan)品，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制造塑料、農藥、合(he)(he)成纖維(wei)、合(he)(he)成橡膠(jiao)等(deng)，也用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)物、鹽酸及含氯(lv)溶劑等(deng)。氯(lv)氣(qi)還(huan)(huan)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)終不含氯(lv)的化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)工產(chan)品，如(ru)丙三醇(甘油)、乙(yi)二醇等(deng)。

　　7、乙炔氣

　　乙(yi)炔氣(qi)是有機合成的(de)重(zhong)要原(yuan)(yuan)料之一，也是三大合成材料(橡(xiang)膠、塑料、纖維)的(de)單體之一。在醫(yi)藥工業(ye)方面用于制造避(bi)孕藥劑。在原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)吸收分(fen)析儀上用作載(zai)氣(qi)。溶解乙(yi)炔的(de)重(zhong)要用途(tu)是金屬焊接與(yu)切(qie)割、噴鍍、表面淬火和熱加工等。此外，乙(yi)炔氣(qi)早的(de)應用是用來照明，主要的(de)使用場合為(wei)航標(biao)燈。

　　8、氫氣

　　氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)在國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)的(de)各(ge)行各(ge)業(ye)用作(zuo)(zuo)保護氣(qi)(qi)、反(fan)(fan)應(ying)氣(qi)(qi)、載(zai)氣(qi)(qi)、燃燒氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)。在石化工業(ye)生(sheng)產中(zhong)，應(ying)用不(bu)同(tong)組份的(de)含氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)作(zuo)(zuo)為合成(cheng)氨、甲(jia)醇、石油煉制生(sheng)產的(de)原(yuan)料氣(qi)(qi)、加氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)等(deng)；有機物氫(qing)(qing)化反(fan)(fan)應(ying)原(yuan)料氣(qi)(qi)。在冶(ye)金工業(ye)中(zhong)，氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)為還原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)、保護氣(qi)(qi)廣泛用于鎢(wu)、鉬(mu)、鈦(tai)的(de)生(sheng)產與加工；薄鋼板、帶鋼條(tiao)、硅鋼片的(de)生(sheng)產與軋制；精密(mi)合金、粉末冶(ye)金材料的(de)生(sheng)產。

　　在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)子工(gong)(gong)業中，廣(guang)泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)高純氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)子材(cai)料(liao)、半導體(ti)集成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)以(yi)及電(dian)(dian)真空主(zhu)器件的生(sheng)產(chan)。在(zai)(zai)建材(cai)和輕工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)中，常應用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)作為保(bao)護氣(qi)(qi)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)氣(qi)(qi)，如(ru)石英(ying)玻璃(li)、人(ren)造寶石生(sheng)產(chan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)一氧焰獲得高溫；在(zai)(zai)浮法玻璃(li)生(sheng)產(chan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)為保(bao)護氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)力工(gong)(gong)業中應用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)作為發電(dian)(dian)機組的冷卻劑。氣(qi)(qi)球和航空氣(qi)(qi)囊用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)作為充填氣(qi)(qi)。液(ye)氫(qing)(qing)是宇航、火箭的重(zhong)要液(ye)體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)制作燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池。此(ci)外，在(zai)(zai)汽車上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)含氫(qing)(qing)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)和用(yong)(yong)(yong)氫(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)處(chu)理化學廢(fei)棄物品制成有用(yong)(yong)(yong)的產(chan)品，已經或即將成為現實。

轉載：互聯網